CURRENT TRENDS ON MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR TEETH WHITENING
European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 9, Issue 4, 2024
PDF Full Article, DOI: 10.36868/ejmse.2024.09.04.323, pp. 323-336
Maria Mirabela IANCU1, Cristiana Ioana TATIA1, Alina ROBU1,*, Marius Lucian VASILESCU1, Iulian ANTONIAC1, Anca Maria FRATILA 2
1 National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Physical Metallurgy, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060042, Bucharest, Romania.
2Department of Dental Medicine and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania.
* Corresponding author: alinarobu2021@gmail.com
Abstract
The purpose of teeth whitening is the removal of intrinsic or extrinsic discoloration via mechanical or chemical techniques that restore the teeth to their natural shade or lighten it, depending on the chosen method. Both the abrasive particles used in mechanical procedures and the oxidant agents applied in chemical bleaching are effective if they are used according to the stain aetiology, however, the risks associated with these products (e.g. potential tooth wear, sensitivity, damage of the enamel or dentin organic matrix) are not negligible. As a response to these issues, current research in the tooth whitening field is directed towards the development of safer whitening products such as dentifrices with lower abrasive index, natural bleaching agents, or laser-assisted whitening procedures that require shorter exposure time for optimal results. This review aims to provide a description of the currently available teeth whitening techniques and their limitations, as well as the novel alternatives that promise similar or superior results with less potential side effects. For a better understanding of the subject, the structure of the tooth, the causes of teeth discoloration as well as the mechanisms of action and chemistry behind the abrasive agents and peroxide-based whitening processes were also discussed.
Keywords: whitening materials, gels, hydrogen peroxide, natural ingredients, surface, microscopy, side effects.
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