UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF EXISTING BAMBOO SCAFFOLD CONNECTIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON REUSABILITY
European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 9, Issue 2, 2024
PDF Full Article, DOI: 10.36868/ejmse.2024.09.02.093, pp. 93-108
Online First, Accepted date: March 25, 2024, Publication date: June 20, 2024
Hintsa G. GEBREMARIAM1,*, Ermias A. AMEDE2, Leule M. HAILEMARIAM2
1 Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2 Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development, Addis Ababa University, 1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
* Corresponding author: hintsa.gebrezgiher@aait.edu.et
Abstract
Bamboo scaffolding is a sustainable alternative to traditional scaffolding materials due to its low carbon footprint, renewability, and strength. Reusable connections are crucial to optimize its sustainability benefits. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the reusability potential of existing bamboo scaffold connections, exploring different connection types, factors influencing reusability, benefits and challenges, and current research and development efforts. Several factors influence the reusability of bamboo scaffold connections, including the design of connections to accommodate mid-culm attachment of secondary components, which is challenging for many existing connection types. Reusing bamboo scaffold connections offers significant sustainability and cost-effectiveness benefits, reducing the demand for new materials and minimizing construction waste. Friction-tight lashing, the most popular and adaptable bamboo scaffold connection method together with mechanical connectors to alleviate problems in traditional friction-tight lashing, offers high reusability potential. More advanced mechanical connections, such as notched and pierced connections, are also being explored for their reusability potential. Ongoing research and development efforts focus on innovative approaches such as three-dimensional printing, parametric software, and glue bonding for custom joint systems to improve the reusability of bamboo scaffold connections. By addressing the challenges and leveraging ongoing research and development efforts, reusable bamboo scaffold connections can play a crucial role in sustainable construction practices.
Keywords: bamboo, reusability, scaffolding, bamboo connection, suitability, literature review
References:
[1] Ermias AA, Ezra KH, Leule MH, Denamo AN. Identification of factors on the possibility of bamboo as a scaffolding and a formwork material in Ethiopia. Cogent Eng. 9(1), 2021; doi: 10.1080/23311916.2021.1952179.
[2] Ermias AA, Ezra KH, Leule MH, Nuramo DA. A review of codes and standards for bamboo structural design. Adv Mater Sci Eng. 2021. doi: 10.1155/2021/6614306.
[3] Sharma H, Reddy K. Geo environmental engineering: site remediation, waste containment, and emerging waste management technologies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
[4] Liese W. The anatomy of bamboo culms. Beijing: International Network for Bamboo and Rattan; 1998.
[5] Trujillo D. Bamboo structures in Colombia. The Structural Engineer. 85(6): 2007, p. 25-30.
[6] YanJun L, Bin X, QiSheng Z, ShenXue J. Present situation and the countermeasure analysis of bamboo timber processing industry in China. J For Eng. 2016, p. 2-7.
[7] Xu Z. Bewitched by bamboo [online]; 2008 [visited October 12 2023]. Available from: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2008-02/13/content_6450397.htm.
[8] Ngo J, Why is Hong Kong last frontier for bamboo scaffolders? 2013 [online] [Cited October 12 2023]. Available from: https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1186476/why-hong-kong-last-frontier-bamboo-scaffolders.
[9] Lynch P. Watch how bamboo scaffolding was used to build Hong Kong’s skyscrapers [online]; 2016 [visited October 23 2023]. Available from: https://www.archdaily.com/793364/watch-how-bamboo-scaffolding-was-used-to-build-hong-kongs-skyscrapers.
[10] Janssen J. Designing and building with bamboo. Beijing: International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR); 2000.
[11] Bambhava, Hitesh D., P. Jayeshkumar, and J. B. Jaydev. A comparative study on bamboo scaffolding and metal scaffolding in construction industry using statistical methods. Int. JETT 4.6, 2013, p. 2330-2337.
[12] Janssen, J. J., et al. Bamboo as an engineering material. The IDRC Bamboo and Rattan Research Network, Eindhoven University, 1981.
[13] Janssen J. Bamboo in building structure [Ph.D. thesis]. The Netherlands: Technical University of Eindhoven. 1981, p. 1-234.
[14] Dunkelberg K. Bambus als Baustoff [Bamboo as a building material], IL31 Institute for Lightweight Structures. Stuttgart, Germany; 1985. p. 38-260.
[15] Vahanvati M. The Challenge of connecting bamboo. 10th World Bamboo Congress Korea: 2015.
[16] Sonti VR. A note on dome structures constructed from short bamboo and timber elements. New Delhi: National Buildings Organization of India; 1959. p. 319-21.
[17] Das R. Better roofing on bamboo truss. Indian J Rural Technol. 1989a. p. 19-32.
[18] Das R. Palm and bamboo for roofing supports. Appropriate Technol. 1989b. p. 27-31.
[19] Das RN. Better joints of a bamboo truss. Indian J Rural Technol. 1990. P. 107-18.
[20] Andry Widyowijatnoko KAH. Joints in bamboo construction. Nonconventional Vernacular Constr Mater. Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering. 2020 p. 561-96. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-102704-2.00020-2
[21] Kira Disén PLC. Building with bamboo: a review of culm connection technology. J Green Build. 2013. P. 83-93. doi:10.3992/jgb.8.4.83
[22] Tian, LMJBBH J. P. Research and application of modern bamboo structures. Eng Mech. 36(5) 2019. P. 1-18, 27. doi: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2018.06.ST06
[23] Sonar IPSVR. Theoretical and experimental investigation on single and double bolted bamboo joint under axial tension. J Struct Eng. 36(3) 2009. P. 164-71.
[24] Moreira LEGK, Ghavami K. Limits states analysis for bamboo pin connections. Key Eng Mater. 2012. P. 3-12. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.517.3.
[25] Masdar ASBSS. S.D. J Teknol. Determinant of Critical Distance of Bolt on Bamboo Connection. Jurnal Teknologi. 6(69) 2014. P. 111-115. doi: 10.11113/jt.v69.3319
[26] Oka GM, Triwiyono A, Awaludin A, Siswosukarto S. Experimental and theoretical investigation of bolted bamboo joints without void filled material. Appl Mech Mater, 776, 2015, 59-65. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.776.59.
[27] Hu H, Yang J, Wang f, Zhang Y. Mechanical properties of bolted joints in prefabricated round bamboo structures. J For Eng. 3(5), 2018. P. 128-35.
[28] Trujillo DJA, Malkowska D. empirically derived connection design properties for Guadua Bamboo. Constr Build Mater. 163, 2018, p. 9-20. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.065.
[29] Ohta MSY, Development of a bamboo-tube truss member connectable by bolts. Proceedings of 4th Indonesia Wood of Research Society Conference. 2012.
[30] Awaludin AAV, Andriani V. Bolted bamboo joints reinforced with fibers. Procedia Eng, 95, 2014, p. 15-21. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.160.
[31] Rodolfo Lorenzo, Chuhee Lee, Juan G. Oliva-Salinas, and Marcos J. Ontiveros-Hernandez, BIM Bamboo: a digital design framework for bamboo culms. P I CIVIL ENG-STR B, 170(4), 2017, p. 295-302. doi: 10.1680/jstbu.16.00091
[32] Morán RGJJ, García JJ. Bamboo joints with steel clamps capable of transmitting moment. Constr Build Mater., 216, 2019. P. 249-60. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.025.
[33] Paraskeva, TPNPSC. D.D.E.G. Constr Build Mater. 2019. Monotonic loading testing and characterization of new multi-full-culm bamboo to steel connections:473-83.
[34] Arce O. Fundamentals of the design of bamboo structures. The Netherlands: Technical University of Eindhoven; 1(18) 1993.
[35] Correal JF, Echeverry JS. Dowel-bearing strength behavior of guadua angustifolia kunth bamboo, Proceedings of 16th NOCMAT conference, Winnipeg, 2015.
[36] Fu, Y, Wang, M, Ge, H, Li, L. Experimental study of mechanical properties of bamboo’s joints under tension and compression load: Adv Mater Res, 450, 2012 749-55. Doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.450-451.749
[37] Cabanas G. Assessing the structural response of a mortar infilled steel eyebolt bamboo connection under bending and cyclic loads. Guildford, the United Kingdom: University of Surrey, thesis, 2018.
[38] Inoue, M, et al. Development of connecting method for natural round bamboo. Proceeding of World Conference on Timber Engineering. 2004.
[39] Zhang N. New construction technology of bamboo houses node. Kunming, China: Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2009.
[40] Huang GQ. The experimental research and analysis on the mechanical properties of reinforced bamboo. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2015.
[41] Lefevre B, West R, O’Reilly P, Taylor D. A new method for joining bamboo culms. Eng Struct, 190, 2019, p. 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.04.003.
[42] Matson CWSK, Sweet K, 2016. Simplified for resilience: a parametric investigation into a bespoke joint system for bamboo. s.l., s.n., pp. 405-11. doi: 10.5151/despro-sigradi2016-801.
[43] Hong C, et al. Review on connections for original bamboo structures. J Renew Mater. 7(8), 2019:713-730. Doi: 10.32604/jrm.2019.07647
[44] Seixas, M, et al. Design and analysis of a self-supporting bamboo roof structure applying flexible connections. Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposia, 2018(20). International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS), 2018.
